Author name: Thomas

It was not long after the discovery of immune checkpoints (IC) that it was shown that cancer cells evolve to express more inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules to help them evade the immune system. However, ICs also give oncologists an opportunity to treat cancer in the same way: by either blocking the inhibitory molecules or by […]

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a very contagious virus that causes a respiratory tract infection, affecting 64 million people per year worldwide. Currently, there is no licensed vaccine to prevent RSV infections. The only FDA approved treatment option is a humanized monoclonal antibody (IgG) against the RSV fusion protein, known as palivizumab. Creative Diagnostics has

Introduction for anti-PEG antibodies Polyethylene glycol (PEG), a classic non-fouling water-soluble synthetic polymer, is broadly used in the field of pharmaceutics for proteins and drug carriers1. The covalent coupling of PEG to proteins and drug carriers, a process known as PEGylation, is crucial to maintaining the colloidal stability of drugs in biological fluids and reducing their uptake by

Prevalence and Perniciousness of Monkeypox Virus Monkeypox is a rare disease that is caused by infection with monkeypox virus. Monkeypox virus belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus in the family Poxviridae. The Orthopoxvirus genus also includes variola virus, vaccinia virus and cowpox virus. Monkeypox was first discovered in 1958 when two outbreaks of a pox-like disease

Influenza A viruses, the culprits of respiratory illness in humans, are a complex and multifaceted group of viruses. Among the numerous subtypes of Influenza A, H1N1 and H3N2 with a notorious history of causing seasonal epidemics and pandemics, demand special attention. Figure 1. The Spread of Influenza A. Influenza A H1N1, also known as the swine flu, is a formidable subtype

Introduction Malaria is caused by infection with Plasmodium parasites. Plasmodium belongs to unicellular eukaryote, and the Plasmodium that infects human body mainly comprises 5 kinds: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium knowlesi. Among them, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are the most widespread in the global epidemic area, and Plasmodium falciparum is

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bilateral motor (eg, bradykinesia, resting tremor, postural instability, rigidity) and nonmotor (eg, memory loss, depression) disability. About 10 million people worldwide suffer from Parkinson’s disease. Current PD treatments are limited to motor symptom management, such as dopamine replacement therapy or enhancing the activity of remaining

After the host is infected by the virus, the immune system can generate a corresponding immune response. Antibodies specific to viral surface proteins produced at this time can often prevent the virus from adhering to the surface of host cells, making it incapable of infecting cells. However, in some cases, antibodies play the opposite role

In recent years, with the changes in human environment and diseases, the incidence of fungal infections has been increasing year by year. Candida albicans is one of the important pathogens causing fungal infections. In addition, it is also an important food-borne pathogen. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out research on detection methods of Candida

Biopharmaceutical impurities can be divided into two categories: extraneous contaminants and product-related impurities. Extraneous contaminants include microbial contamination, pyrogens, cellular components, components in culture media, substances from various steps in the production process, and substances from purification steps, etc. Various impurities and quantities will affect the safety of the final drug, and the identification, quantification,