The best way of connecting two wires is by removing the insulation from the ends and twisting it together. Is it, however, safe? We can cover the joint with insulating tape or use a wire connector. But what if there are several wires that need to be joined/connected together? What if you want to link numerous outgoing wires to a single incoming wire? Then this procedure will no longer be safe or handy.
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Significance of a Terminal Block:
A terminal block is also popularly known as a terminal connector, which is nothing but an insulated modular block that connects two or more wires. It is made up of a clamping element and a conducting strip.
A terminal block’s insulating body holds a current-carrying element (a metal strip or terminal bar). It also serves as a foundation for clamping elements. The body is designed with a mounting mechanism that allows the block to be easily installed on or removed from a PCB or a mounting rail. Most terminal blocks are modular and DIN rail mounted. This enables us to increase the number of terminals in accordance with the needs. Terminal blocks make connections considerably more secure and wire organisation much easier.
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Various Types of Terminal Blocks:
Electrical terminal blocks can be categorised based on their construction, device type, terminating possibilities, and so on.
Structure Type:
● Single level pass-through terminal blocks:
These are merely used to link two wires, i.e. a wire-to-wire connection. These are also referred to as single feed terminal blocks. Single level terminal blocks are the most basic variety, with one input and one output contact.
● Dual-level terminal blocks:
Another level of connecting terminal is layered on top of the first in these blocks. This configuration is commonly utilised to save space.
● Three-level terminal blocks:
These, like dual-level blocks, have an additional level at the top. The use of multilevel blocks has the advantage of allowing many connections to be created within a single block.
Device Type
● Ground Terminal Blocks:
These blocks frequently resemble single-level feed-through terminals. The exception is that these blocks, as well as the metal connection where the wire is terminated, are grounded to the panel or DIN rail on which they are attached.
● Fused Connection Terminals:
These are identical to pass-through blocks, except that the metal connection strip has been replaced with a fuse. As a result, the wires will be connected via a fuse to provide additional protection.
● Thermocouple Terminal Blocks:
These are intended for thermocouple lead hookups. Some thermocouple connectors simply hold the thermocouple leads together on both sides of the block, removing the need for a metal connection strip inside the block. However, the metal connecting strip of the same metal as the wire may be present in some thermocouple blocks.
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● I/O Blocks and Sensor Blocks:
I/O blocks are used to provide a link between a device and a controller. Sensor blocks, on the other hand, handle three or four-wire devices such as proximity sensors.
● Disconnect Terminal Blocks:
These blocks make it simple to disconnect wires by simply lifting a lever or knife switch. They can be used to easily disconnect and reconnect cables without having to remove them. They are also referred to as switch blocks.
● Power Distribution Blocks:
These blocks are utilised in the distribution of electrical power. A power distribution terminal block is a convenient, cost-effective, and safe technique to transmit power from a single input source to several outputs. At the input, one huge wire is linked to the block’s input terminal, while several output terminals are provided at the output. Wires are neatly arranged in a control panel this way, giving it a sleek, clean, and professional appearance.
Clamping Options in Terminal Blocks:
● Screw terminal:
Screw clamp terminals are the most commonly used type of connection. By tightening the screw, the wire or conductor is simply forced against the conductor strip in the block. Screw terminals can accept a wide variety of wire or conductor diameters.
● Spring clamp:
These terminals rely on spring pressure to keep the wire fastened. Spring clamps are a newer alternative to screw clamps that are commonly used for tiny wires.
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● Push-in terminal blocks:
Push-in terminals make it possible to connect a wire by simply inserting it. A ferrule is required for most push-in terminals. A ferrule fortifies the termination of a wire or conductor. Some push-in terminal blocks, on the other hand, allow you to install a solid conductor or a stranded conductor directly by inserting a screwdriver into the release hole.
● Insulation Displacement Connector (IDC):
We do not need to peel the insulation for contact with these connectors. Simply enter the wire without stripping the insulation, and the two sharp metal blades inside the terminal will cut through it to make good contact with the conductor.
● Barrier terminal blocks:
These are utilised in situations when vibration is an issue. A wire is connected to a spade or ring terminal, which is then placed into a bolt and tightened with a nut on the terminal block. This prevents the wire from becoming loose due to vibrations.
