How many types of VPN and VPN Protocols are there?
VPN stands for Virtual Private Network, which allows a user to securely and secretly connect to a private network over the Internet. VPN establishes an encrypted connection known as a VPN tunnel via which all Internet traffic and conversation is routed.
Basically VPN are categorized in 2 types:
1. Remote Access VPN:
A remote access VPN allows a user to connect to a private network and gain remote access to all of its services and resources. The user’s connection to the private network is established over the Internet, and the connection is secure and secret.
While out of the office, a firm employee connects to his or her employer’s private network via a VPN to access files and resources on the private network. VPN services are generally used by private customers or home users to overcome regional Internet restrictions and access prohibited websites. VPN services are used by those who are concerned about their online security and privacy.
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2. Site to Site VPN:
A Site-to-Site VPN, also known as a Router-to-Router VPN, is widely employed in large corporations. Site-to-site VPN connects the network of one office location to the network of another office location for companies or organizations having branch offices in different places.
● Intranet based VPN:
Intranet based VPN is when numerous offices of the same firm are connected using the Site-to-Site VPN type.
● Extranet based VPN:
Extranet based VPN is when a company uses a Site-to-Site VPN to connect to the office of another company.
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Site-to-site VPNs, in essence, construct an artificial bridge between networks at geographically distant offices and connect them via the Internet, allowing for safe and private communication. Only after the authentication between the two routers has been verified does communication begin.
Types of VPN Protocols:
● Internet Protocol Security (IPSec):
IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) is a protocol for securing Internet communication across an IP network. IPSec protects Internet Protocol communication by validating the session and encrypting each data packet sent and received.
IPSec runs in 2 modes:
- (i) Transport mode
- (ii) Tunneing mode
The tunneling mode encrypts the entire data packet, while the transport mode encrypts only the message within the data packet. To improve the security system, IPSec can be used with additional security protocols.
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● Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP):
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol, or L2TP, is a tunneling protocol that is frequently used in conjunction with another VPN security protocol, such as IPSec, to create a highly secure VPN connection. L2TP creates a tunnel between two L2TP connection points, and the IPSec protocol encrypts the data and ensures that the tunnel remains safe.
● Point–to–Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP):
The PPTP protocol, or Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol, establishes a tunnel and restricts the amount of data that can pass through it. The Point-to-Point Protocol encrypts the data sent between the connections (PPP). PPTP is one of the most extensively used VPN protocols, having been around since Windows’ early days. Apart from Windows, PPTP is also utilized on Mac and Linux.
● SSL and TLS:
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS (Transport Layer Security) provide a VPN connection in which the web browser acts as the client and access to specific applications rather than the entire network is restricted. SSL and TLS protocols are extensively used on online purchasing platforms. Because web browsers are integrated with SSL and TLS, switching to SSL is simple and requires almost no action from the user. In SSL connections, the URL begins with “https” rather than “http.”
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● OpenVPN:
OpenVPN is a free and open source virtual private network (VPN) that may be used to establish point-to-point and site-to-site connections. It employs a standard security mechanism based on SSL and TLS.
● Secure Shell (SSH):
Secure Shell, or SSH, creates the VPN tunnel over which data is transferred and ensures that it is encrypted. A SSH client creates SSH connections, which allow data to be sent from a local port to a remote server via an encrypted tunnel.
