Australia needs nuclear deterrence
Australia currently without the support of the USA would unlikely be able to defend itself from any serious attack by a growing superpower, however, by ensuring a Nuclear deterrence capacity, any country thinking of using force against Australia would have to think again. With jobs, growth and a sustainable energy plan, Australia could turn its economy around with high yield energy production and reduced costs. It’s time to ask the question does Australia need Nuclear Weapons.
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4. Paths to Achieve it
Taking that technological and strategic leap is not an easy task. Few countries have such capacity. It is a select club of nuclear powers that resist new actors reaching this goal. Examples of this are the pressures and sanctions that were applied to both Iran and North Korea as a result of their challenge, despite the fact that the latter country has managed to complete the process and has de facto nuclear capabilities.
The United States, France, Great Britain, Russia and China, that is, the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council are the holders of such power. They are in turn the custodians of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) that tries to maintain said Status Quo. Is it then impossible to become a nuclear power? No, there have been exceptions. Israel and Pakistan are nuclear powers, although not recognised as such. They maintain nuclear arsenals that are not monitored by the International Atomic Energy Organisation. On the other hand, there is the case of India, which was recognized and admitted with the status of nuclear power in 2005 purely and exclusively by American support (and Chinese annoyance) after long decades of possessing this de facto attribute.
That is why Australia can aspire to develop this technology[2]. It has three essential attributes for it. First of all, its history describes that it is a peaceful country, which it has not carried out aggressions, that it is responsible and strives for regional and world peace and stability. It has multilateralism and the peaceful settlement of disputes among its principles of action. Consequently, making such a leap in global stratification would not be for warlike or irresponsible purposes such as serving the proliferation of nuclear material towards third countries, but simply to provide its own defence from a peaceful and prudent place.
Second, the country has trained scientific and technical personnel for this purpose. Furthermore, Australian universities could contribute enormously by training human resources and serving as a setting for both basic and applied research.
Third and foremost, it would not be a challenge or a rebellious attitude against the current status quo. As in the case of India or even Israel, it should be carried out with the American political and diplomatic support, or at least its acquiescence. In addition, it would require technology transfer, investments and technical training that both Washington and the European powers can provide. This requires maintaining and continuing to build trust with these allies
Finally, a plan of such magnitude would not only be relevant in terms of national defense but would contribute to civil sectors such as energy production, nuclear medicine and in the scientific research sector, among others.
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Bibliography
Amsden, Alice, (2003). The Rise of “The Rest”: Challenges to the West from Late-Industrializing Economies. Oxford University.
Bloomfield, Alan. (2016). To balance or to bandwagon? Adjusting to China’s rise during Australia’s Rudd_Gillard era. The Pacific Review, Vol. 29, No. 2, Pp. 259-282.
Huntington, Samuel (1999). The Lonely Superpower. Foreign Affairs.
Krauthammer, Charles. (1991). The unipolar moment. The Washington Post.
Organski, Kenneth. (1958). World Politics. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Rachman, Gideon. (2016). Easternization: Asia’s Rise and America’s Decline from Obama to Trump and Beyond. Rachman Books.
Yeung, Man Kwong. (2016). Balancing versus bandwagoning the strategic dilemma of Australia’s China policy. Master Thesis. Lingam University.
Zakaria, Fareed. (2008). The Post American World. W. W. Norton & Company.
[1] The Chinese emergency has produced an industrial restructuring in Asia and the Pacific and a consequent change in relationship dynamics. China has displaced Asian countries in labour-intensive products, becoming the world’s leading exporter of these products. Therefore, Asian countries have increased their productivity to sell China intermediate goods for their production while Japan provides it with high-tech, high value-added goods. Funding and investments for China come from the United States, Europe, Japan, Taiwan, and the vast Chinese community scattered around the world.
[2] The same can be said for the development of ballistic missiles on which to mount nuclear warheads. It could start with a space project to design rockets and then move towards vectors to gain experience and finally lead to a military plan for missile design. For this, a special relationship with the actors of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) is necessary.
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Every passing day the number of cases of Covid-19 is rising and this is still a developing story. Medical experts are still struggling to understand the true nature of the virus as it continues to ravage both economy and public health.
As mentioned above we are still in the early stage of this pandemic because it is still spreading and its implications are still emerging. We are far from measuring the full economic impact of this pandemic. IMF has reiterated twice that it fears that the coming economic crisis is going to be worse than the Great Depression. Many countries are now beginning to ease their lockdowns but the damage has been done.
1. What do we need to Understand?
The pandemic has created a unique situation in the world that many of us weren’t prepared for. The real problem has been about the lack of understanding of the effects of this pandemic. What we need to understand that the virus firstly is real. Yes there are a lot of conspiracy theories in circulation and some of them may even be true but there is one thing for certain. The virus is killing people both young and old are getting infected by it. The deaths that have happened so far, most of these people were healthy individuals who would have been alive had the virus not infected them, this is a basic underlying fact.
Now, even if the lockdowns are eased or completely lifted, this won’t mean that the virus has ended. There is to date no vaccine for the virus. So we must remember that at least for the next one or two years we are going to live constantly in the shadow of this virus. Even if business opens, things will not go back to the way they were. All of us have a responsibility to save ourselves and our loved ones.
Having said this, life must go on. Lockdowns are not the solution here. No one knows how long it may take to find the vaccine and then administer it globally and therefore it is impractical to keep business and economy locked down for that long.
It is therefore understood that economies will open and lockdowns will ease but the way of working is soon going to change. The narrative that is building across the world right now is that we need to change the whole way we used to operate. Innovators and thought leaders are talking about global disruption to bring about global transition.
2. Education sector: How badly has it been hit and is there any hope?
There are discussions going on about how to reopen schools and universities, as these places deal with a large number of students. Implementing SOPs may not be very easy in such places. Therefore simply reopening the schools and universities won’t be enough. Something innovative will have to be done to make sure that academic process resumes without endangering the lives of both teachers and the students.
The education sector in Australia is set to be hit the worst because firstly around the world this sector has been hit the hardest and secondly majority of the overseas students in Australia came from China and with travel restrictions in place, the number of overseas students for the new semester may drop significantly. According to the Guardian the Australian universities are looking to axe 21000 workers in the next six months if the relief package for the universities isn’t expanded as the current package isn’t enough.
Reliance on Globalisation
The problem here is that Australia like many other economies relied too much on globalisation. Covid-19 has for the moment halted globalisation and therefore countries that relied on globalisation, on the free movement of trade and people have been hit the hardest.
Unless the Australian universities find an innovative way to resume education without actually having the overseas students travel to Australia, there is no way how the universities especially can continue like before. Even if they reopen the travel restrictions will mean that the overseas students will not be able to join and this will dent the funding significantly. Australia however is not alone in this as UK also has a similar problem.
UK has an overwhelming number of overseas students from China, and other South Asian states and travel restrictions will simply mean that the universities are going to suffer a lot financially in the coming months. Unless a clearly defined strategy is developed, it is going o be very difficult for the education sector to recover from this crisis.
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3. Tourism sector: How badly has it been hit and is there any hope.
Globally, tourism is among the worst hit sectors due to Covid-19 pandemic. Australia relied significantly on its tourism. While a very high number of tourists came from China but Australia also catered to tourists from every other place in the world. Australia was a poplar stop for cruise ship tourism. At present the tourism industry has gone into deep hibernation and it isn’t even in the priority list to reopen. By February the tourism sector had already lost AUD 4.5 billion.
