Heart disease is an umbrella term that refers to any condition that affects the heart and the surrounding blood vessels.
It can refer to anything from congenital heart conditions to coronary artery disease and other types of cardiovascular diseases.
Heart disease is a leading cause of death, disability, and high medical costs around the world.
Risk factors for developing heart disease include
- Smoking,
- Being overweight or obese,
- Poor diet,
- Lack of physical activity,
- high cholesterol levels,
- Diabetes, and
- Hypertension (high blood pressure).
Regular monitoring of your cholesterol levels, blood pressure readings, and glucose levels can help minimize the risk of developing heart disease.
Different Types of Heart Diseases
Heart diseases are conditions that affect the heart, its muscles, valves or any of its other components.
They can range from mild to severe, and have a variety of symptoms and causes.
The following are the most common types of heart diseases:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD),
- Arrhythmia,
- Heart failure,
- Congenital heart defects,
- Pericarditis and
- Vascular diseases
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Symptoms of heart attack
Symptoms of a heart attack may include
- Chest pain or tightness,
- Difficulty breathing and sweating.
Cardiac arrhythmias involve abnormal rates or rhythms of the heartbeat which can result in palpitations or fainting.
Heart failure is when the heart muscles become weak and can no longer pump blood efficiently around the body.
Congenital heart disease refers to any structural defect present at birth in the anatomy of the cardiovascular system.
Pericarditis is an inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart while vascular diseases involve damage to blood vessels leading to impaired circulation.
Important Causes to Know
Heart disease is caused by a variety of factors, some of which are lifestyle related and some of which are genetic.
- Poor diet,
- Smoking,
- High blood pressure,
- Obesity and
- Lack of physical activity is lifestyle-related cause that increase the risk for heart disease.
Other medical conditions such as diabetes and an unhealthy cholesterol level can also contribute to the development of heart disease.
Genetics can also play a role in the development of heart disease, so family history should be taken into account when assessing risk factors.
Atherosclerosis is a condition in which the arteries are gradually narrowed due to fatty deposits accumulating on the inside of blood vessels, leading to reduced blood flow and increased blood pressure.
This can cause chest pain (angina) or heart attack, and even stroke.
It is most common in those who have diabetes mellitus, a high-fat diet, and a sedentary lifestyle but it can also occur in people with no known risk factors.
A congestive heart failure is a serious form of heart disease that occurs when the heart is unable to pump adequate amounts of oxygenated and unoxygenated blood around the body.
It can be caused by a number of different conditions, including coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, and valve problems.
It can also be caused by long-term use of certain medications or complications from a previous heart attack.
Symptoms of congestive heart failure include shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in the feet and ankles, and increased urination due to fluid buildup in the body.
Treatment usually involves lifestyle changes such as eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly as well as medications to improve heart function.
